Question 1

When we study the Old Testament, we find neither an explicit condemnation of polygamy nor explicit approval. Therefore, we must look carefully at the text of Scripture to see the consequences of this kind of behavior. What becomes apparent is that polygamy is detrimental everywhere it occurs; it is never shown in Scripture as a good thing. As Tim Keller has noted, the Bible may record polygamy, but it “subverts it at every turn.” Polygamy always caused rivalry and trouble. Lamech, a murderer, is the first example given in Genesis of someone who practiced polygamy (Gen. 4:19–24). In Deuteronomy 17:17, God denounces the kings’ practice of taking multiple wives. Every biblical account that includes a reference to polygamy is laden with jealousy, favoritism, and abuse—see the stories of Abraham, Sarah, and Hagar; Jacob and his two wives and two concubines; the rivalries between David’s wives and their children; and Solomon’s entanglement in foreign gods by his many marriages. Clearly, the Bible’s record of problematic behaviors should not be read as an endorsement.

From the opening chapters of the Bible, the teaching is consistent that marriage is between a husband and a wife, not between a man and his wives. God makes one wife, Eve, for Adam (Gen. 2:18–25). The New Testament says that “the two will become one flesh” (Matt. 19:5), and the books of Timothy and Titus all prohibit leaders in the church from practicing polygamy.

Biblical history shows the devastating consequences of human rebellion against God’s commands, but it also reveals God’s overwhelming grace despite our sin. Men like Abraham and David were blessed in spite of their substantial flaws, and they—like us—had many sins including deceit, lust, and greed. In our own lives, we can see that God is gracious to us in times of disobedience.